High frequency carrier waves are able to carry more information because:

High frequency carrier waves are able to carry more information primarily because they have more waves, or cycles, in a given amount of time. This is due to the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength; as frequency increases, the wavelength decreases.

With a higher frequency, there are more oscillations per second, which allows for more data to be transmitted in that same timeframe. This means that high frequency signals can encode and transmit a greater amount of information compared to lower frequency signals. Essentially, the increased number of cycles at higher frequencies facilitates a greater capacity for data transmission, making them more suitable for high-bandwidth applications.

The other options don't accurately capture the mechanics of information transmission through carrier waves. The power of the wave, its size, or its speed do not directly determine the data capacity as frequency does. While higher power can enhance the signal strength and speed can affect latency, it is the frequency that fundamentally allows for more information to be carried effectively.