What common phenomenon occurs when moisture in the air freezes on aircraft during flight?

Icing is a common phenomenon that occurs when moisture in the air freezes on aircraft during flight. This typically happens at temperatures below freezing when supercooled water droplets, which are liquid at temperatures below 0°C, come into contact with the aircraft's surfaces. Upon contact, these droplets freeze, forming ice. Ice buildup can significantly affect an aircraft's performance by increasing weight, disrupting airflow, and degrading lift and control, making icing a critical consideration for flight safety.

Other phenomena such as temporary fog and condensation do not specifically involve the freezing of moisture, but rather involve water vapor condensing into liquid form under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Debris accumulation might occur on an aircraft, but it is not directly related to the freezing of moisture in the air. Therefore, icing is the correct response to describe the freezing of moisture in flight.