What term describes the effective use of all available resources, human, hardware, and information, prior to and during flight?

Crew Resource Management (CRM) is the term that encapsulates the effective use of all available resources — including human skills, hardware, and information — prior to and during flight operations. CRM emphasizes teamwork, communication, and decision-making skills amongst crew members, which is essential for ensuring safe and efficient flight operations.

CRM training typically involves scenarios that encourage crews to work together, share information, and support each other effectively, ultimately enhancing situational awareness and reducing the likelihood of errors. This approach is particularly critical in aviation, where the complex and dynamic environment requires a coordinated response from all personnel involved.

Other options describe different aspects of aviation but do not focus on the collaborative resource management concept that CRM represents. Flight Management Systems refer to the software used to assist pilots in flight planning and navigation. Air Traffic Control refers to the service that provides instructions and guidance to ensure safe and efficient movement of aircraft in the skies and on the ground. Operational Safety Procedures are specific protocols designed to enhance safety but do not encapsulate the broader teamwork and resource utilization that CRM promotes.