What type of electronic sensor is used to collect imagery in an electro-optical camera?

The use of a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) or Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) in an electro-optical camera is foundational for capturing imagery due to their ability to convert light into electronic signals effectively. Both CCD and CMOS sensors are semiconductor devices that work by collecting photons (light particles) and generating electrons in response, which are then processed to create a digital image.

CCDs are known for their high-quality image capture, especially in low-light conditions, and they excel in reducing noise levels, which enhances the clarity of images. On the other hand, CMOS sensors have the advantage of being less expensive to manufacture and consuming less power, making them more widely used in various applications, including unmanned aerial systems (UAS).

In comparison to the other options, photodiodes are typically used for simpler light detection rather than full-image capture. Single photon detectors are specialized sensors designed for extremely low-light conditions, primarily in research environments and not for typical imaging applications. Image intensifier tubes amplify low light to produce visible images but do not operate in the same way as traditional electronic sensors like CCDs and CMOS.

Overall, the inclusion of CCD and CMOS in electro-optical cameras represents the standard for modern image capture in both