Which report provides information about wind, visibility, significant weather, and the probability of precipitation and thunderstorms?

The report that provides information about wind, visibility, significant weather, and the probability of precipitation and thunderstorms is the METAR. METAR reports are routine aviation weather observations issued at fixed intervals, typically every hour. They include essential data that pilots and air traffic controllers use for flight planning and safety, such as temperature, dew point, sea level pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility, and other meteorological conditions including significant weather phenomena.

While the other reporting types have their specific purposes, they do not encompass all the elements mentioned in the question like METAR does. SPECI is a special weather report that provides updates to METAR but is used for significant changes that occur between the regular hourly reports, focusing primarily on significant weather changes. AIRMETs are designed for pilots and indicate moderate weather phenomena, but they don't provide the same level of detailed information as METARs. TAFs (Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts) offer forecasts rather than real-time observations and typically cover a 24 to 30-hour period, primarily focusing on expected weather conditions but not the immediate current state like METARs.